Things to know before traveling to Mongolia sets the stage for this enthralling narrative, offering readers a glimpse into a story that is rich in detail and brimming with originality from the outset. Mongolia, a land of vast steppes, towering mountains, and nomadic traditions, beckons adventurers and culture enthusiasts alike.

But before embarking on this journey, it’s essential to understand the intricacies of this unique destination. From visa requirements and transportation logistics to cultural customs and safety considerations, this comprehensive guide equips you with the knowledge to plan a seamless and enriching experience.

From the best time to visit to navigating its diverse landscapes, this guide will help you make the most of your Mongolian adventure. Whether you’re seeking the thrill of trekking through the Gobi Desert, the tranquility of a Buddhist monastery, or the warmth of a traditional Mongolian ger, this guide will serve as your indispensable companion.

Visa and Entry Requirements

Mongolia’s visa policies vary depending on your nationality. Some countries enjoy visa-free entry for specific durations, while others require a visa for entry. It is crucial to research your country’s specific requirements before traveling to Mongolia.

Visa Requirements for Different Nationalities

To determine if you need a visa for Mongolia, check the Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website or consult your local Mongolian embassy or consulate.

Obtaining a Visa

To apply for a Mongolian visa, you will need to follow these steps:

Visa Application Process

1. Gather necessary documents:This includes a valid passport (with at least six months of validity remaining), a completed visa application form, two passport-sized photographs, proof of travel insurance, and a confirmed return or onward ticket. Additional documents may be required depending on your nationality and purpose of travel.

2. Submit your application:Submit your application form and supporting documents to the Mongolian embassy or consulate in your country of residence.
3. Pay the visa fee:The visa fee varies depending on your nationality and the type of visa you are applying for. You can find the fee information on the Mongolian embassy or consulate website.
4. Wait for processing:The processing time for a Mongolian visa can take several weeks. It is recommended to apply for your visa well in advance of your planned trip.

Visa Fees

The visa fee for a Mongolian visa varies depending on your nationality and the type of visa you are applying for. You can find the specific fees on the website of the Mongolian embassy or consulate in your country.

Visa Processing Time

The processing time for a Mongolian visa can take several weeks. It is recommended to apply for your visa well in advance of your planned trip.

Getting Around: Things To Know Before Traveling To Mongolia

Mongolia offers a variety of transportation options, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Choosing the right mode of transportation depends on your budget, travel style, and destination.

Flights

Flying is the fastest way to get around Mongolia, particularly for long distances between major cities. Domestic flights are operated by MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Hunnu Air, connecting Ulaanbaatar to major cities like Mörön, Dalanzadgad, and Choibalsan.

• Pros:Quickest travel time, scenic views, especially over the Gobi Desert.
• Cons:Can be expensive, limited flight frequency, subject to weather delays.

Trains

Mongolia has a limited train network, mainly connecting Ulaanbaatar to the Russian border and to Darkhan. The Trans-Mongolian Railway is a popular option for travelers heading to Russia or China.

• Pros:Affordable, scenic views, comfortable for long journeys.
• Cons:Limited routes, slow travel times, can be crowded during peak seasons.

Buses

Buses are the most common and affordable mode of transportation within Mongolia. They connect major cities and towns, offering a range of services from basic to more luxurious.

• Pros:Affordable, frequent services, accessible to most destinations.
• Cons:Can be uncomfortable for long journeys, limited English language assistance, safety concerns on some routes.

Taxis

Taxis are readily available in Ulaanbaatar and major cities. There are metered taxis and private taxis, with prices varying depending on the distance and time of day.

• Pros:Convenient, readily available, can be used for short distances or door-to-door service.
• Cons:Can be expensive, especially for longer journeys, language barrier, potential for overcharging.

Public Transportation

Ulaanbaatar has a growing public transportation system, including buses, trolleybuses, and minibuses.

• Pros:Affordable, convenient for getting around the city, accessible to most areas.
• Cons:Can be crowded during peak hours, limited English language assistance, unreliable service in some areas.

Rental Cars, Things to know before traveling to Mongolia

Rental cars are available in Ulaanbaatar, but driving conditions can be challenging, especially in rural areas.

• Pros:Flexibility, allows for independent exploration, suitable for off-the-beaten-path adventures.
• Cons:Can be expensive, requires a valid international driver’s license, driving conditions can be difficult, limited infrastructure in rural areas.

Food and Drink

Mongolian cuisine is a unique blend of nomadic traditions and modern influences, offering a flavorful journey for adventurous eaters. The cuisine is characterized by its hearty, meat-centric dishes, often prepared with simple ingredients and traditional cooking techniques.

Traditional Mongolian Cuisine

Traditional Mongolian cuisine is rooted in the nomadic lifestyle, relying heavily on animal products, particularly mutton, beef, and dairy. The harsh climate and vast grasslands have shaped the culinary landscape, leading to the development of unique cooking methods and preservation techniques.

• Meat Dishes:Mutton is the most common meat, often served roasted, boiled, or as a part of traditional dishes like buuz(dumplings) and khorkhog(a dish where meat is cooked in a sealed pot with hot stones).
• Dairy Products:Mongolians have a strong tradition of dairy farming, and milk, yogurt, and cheese are staples in their diet. Airag, a fermented mare’s milk drink, is a popular beverage, particularly during festivals.
• Noodles and Grains:While meat and dairy are central, noodles and grains like buckwheat and rice also play a significant role in Mongolian cuisine. Tsampa, a roasted barley flour, is a traditional staple consumed by nomads.

Popular Local Dishes

• Buuz:Steamed dumplings filled with meat, often mutton or beef, and seasoned with onions and spices. These are a popular street food and are often enjoyed with a dipping sauce.
• Khorkhog:A traditional dish where meat, usually mutton, is cooked in a sealed pot with hot stones. The meat is cooked in its own juices, resulting in a flavorful and tender dish.
• Boodog:A unique dish where a goat or sheep is stuffed with hot stones and cooked in its own hide. It is a traditional dish that is often served during special occasions.
• Khuushuur:Deep-fried pastries filled with meat, onions, and spices. These are a popular snack and are often served with tea.

International Cuisine

While Mongolian cuisine is unique and flavorful, international options are available, particularly in major cities and tourist areas. Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, offers a variety of restaurants serving Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and European cuisines.

Finding Authentic Dining Experiences

To experience the true flavors of Mongolian cuisine, venturing beyond tourist traps is key. Local markets and smaller restaurants often offer more authentic dishes.

• Local Markets:Markets like the Narantuul Market in Ulaanbaatar offer a glimpse into the local culinary scene. You can find fresh produce, local delicacies, and traditional snacks.
• Family-Run Restaurants:Seek out family-run restaurants that specialize in Mongolian cuisine. These establishments often serve traditional dishes prepared with local ingredients.
• Ask for Recommendations:Locals and tour guides can provide valuable recommendations for authentic dining experiences. Don’t hesitate to ask for suggestions.

Things to Do and See

Mongolia is a country of stunning natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture. From the towering peaks of the Altai Mountains to the vast steppes of the Gobi Desert, there is something for everyone in this landlocked nation.

Historical Sites

Mongolia boasts a rich and fascinating history, evident in its numerous historical sites.

• The Erdene Zuu Monastery:This monastery, founded in 1586, is one of the oldest and most important Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and offers a glimpse into the country’s rich religious history.
• The Chinggis Khan Mausoleum:While the exact location of Chinggis Khan’s tomb remains a mystery, this mausoleum commemorates the great Mongol emperor.

  It is a popular pilgrimage site for Mongolians and visitors alike.

• The Kharkhorin Ruins:This ancient city was the capital of the Mongol Empire during the 13th century. Today, the ruins are a testament to the empire’s grandeur and offer a fascinating insight into the history of the region.

• The Karakorum Museum:This museum, located near the Kharkhorin ruins, houses a collection of artifacts from the Mongol Empire. Visitors can learn about the history, culture, and achievements of this remarkable empire.

Nature and Adventure

Mongolia’s diverse landscapes offer a wide range of opportunities for nature enthusiasts and adventurers.

• The Gobi Desert:This vast desert is home to a unique ecosystem, including rare animals such as the Gobi bear and the snow leopard. Visitors can explore the desert on horseback, by jeep, or on foot, experiencing its rugged beauty and harsh conditions.

• The Altai Mountains:This mountain range, located in western Mongolia, is home to stunning scenery, including glaciers, lakes, and forests. Visitors can hike, trek, or go horseback riding through the mountains, enjoying breathtaking views and fresh mountain air.
• Khovsgol Lake:This pristine lake is the largest freshwater lake in Mongolia and is surrounded by forests and mountains.

  Visitors can enjoy swimming, boating, fishing, or simply relaxing by the lake, taking in the beauty of the surrounding landscape.

• Terelj National Park:This park, located near Ulaanbaatar, is a popular destination for day trips and weekend getaways. Visitors can hike, ride horses, or explore the park’s numerous temples and monasteries.

Cultural Experiences

Mongolia’s culture is deeply rooted in its nomadic heritage, offering visitors a unique glimpse into a traditional way of life.

• Naadam Festival:This annual festival, held in July, is a celebration of Mongolian culture and tradition. Visitors can witness traditional Mongolian wrestling, archery, and horse racing, along with other cultural performances.
• Gers:These traditional felt tents are a symbol of Mongolian nomadic life.

  Visitors can stay in a ger and experience the traditional way of life, learning about Mongolian customs and traditions.

• Mongolian Music and Dance:Mongolia has a rich musical and dance tradition, with traditional instruments like the Morin Khuur (horsehead fiddle) and the Tovshuur (long-necked lute).

  Mongolia offers a unique and unforgettable travel experience. Before you go, consider the vast distances and the sometimes challenging terrain. A car can be helpful, but it’s not essential, as there are various alternative transportation options. If you’re planning to explore Mongolia without a car, How to get around Mongolia without a car is a great resource for understanding your options.

  Whether you choose to travel by train, bus, or even horseback, Mongolia’s beauty awaits you.

  Visitors can attend concerts or performances to experience the beauty and energy of Mongolian music and dance.

• Mongolian Cuisine:Mongolian cuisine is hearty and flavorful, with dishes often featuring meat, dairy products, and vegetables. Visitors can sample traditional dishes like Buuz (steamed dumplings), Khorkhog (meat cooked in a pot with hot stones), and Tsuivan (noodle dish).

Top Attractions

Attraction	Type	Description	Website
Erdene Zuu Monastery	Historical	One of the oldest and most important Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.	https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-list/274
Gobi Desert	Nature & Adventure	Vast desert with unique ecosystem, home to rare animals like the Gobi bear and snow leopard.	https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mongolia/govi-desert
Altai Mountains	Nature & Adventure	Stunning mountain range with glaciers, lakes, and forests, offering hiking, trekking, and horseback riding opportunities.	https://www.altai-mountains.org/
Khovsgol Lake	Nature	Largest freshwater lake in Mongolia, surrounded by forests and mountains, offering swimming, boating, and fishing opportunities.	https://www.khövsgöl.gov.mn/

Safety and Health

Mongolia is generally a safe country to travel in, with a low crime rate and friendly locals. However, like any destination, it’s essential to be aware of potential risks and take necessary precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.

Common Health Risks and Recommended Vaccinations

It’s advisable to consult with your doctor or travel clinic several months before your trip to Mongolia to discuss necessary vaccinations and health precautions.

• Hepatitis A and B:These viral infections are prevalent in Mongolia, and vaccination is highly recommended.
• Typhoid:Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection spread through contaminated food and water, and vaccination is recommended.
• Japanese Encephalitis:This mosquito-borne viral infection is present in Mongolia, and vaccination may be recommended depending on your travel itinerary and the season.
• Rabies:While rabies is not common in Mongolia, it’s still essential to take precautions, such as avoiding contact with wild animals.
• Tetanus and Diphtheria:These diseases are preventable through vaccination, and it’s crucial to ensure your vaccinations are up-to-date.

Travel Insurance

Travel insurance is highly recommended for any trip to Mongolia. It can protect you from unexpected medical expenses, flight cancellations, lost luggage, and other travel-related emergencies.

• Medical Expenses:Medical care in Mongolia can be expensive, and travel insurance can cover a significant portion of your medical costs.
• Emergency Evacuation:In case of a serious medical emergency, travel insurance can cover the cost of medical evacuation to a hospital with better facilities.
• Lost Luggage:Travel insurance can compensate for lost or damaged luggage during your trip.
• Trip Cancellation:If you need to cancel your trip due to unforeseen circumstances, travel insurance can reimburse you for non-refundable expenses.

Accessing Medical Care

While Mongolia has a healthcare system, it’s essential to be aware that medical facilities and standards may vary depending on the location.

• Hospitals and Clinics:Major cities like Ulaanbaatar have well-equipped hospitals and clinics, but facilities in rural areas may be limited.
• Emergency Services:Emergency services are available in major cities, but response times may be slower in rural areas.
• Private Medical Care:Private medical clinics are available in Ulaanbaatar and offer more modern facilities and English-speaking doctors.

Tips for Staying Safe and Healthy

Following these tips can help you stay safe and healthy during your trip to Mongolia:

• Drink Bottled Water:Tap water is not safe to drink in Mongolia, so stick to bottled water or purified water.
• Wash Your Hands Frequently:Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, after using the restroom, and after contact with animals.
• Avoid Uncooked Food:Be cautious when eating street food and avoid uncooked or undercooked meat and seafood.
• Protect Yourself from Mosquitoes:Mosquitoes can carry diseases, so use insect repellent, wear long clothing, and stay in well-screened accommodations.
• Be Aware of Your Surroundings:Stay vigilant and be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas or at night.
• Respect Local Customs:Be respectful of local customs and traditions, and avoid any behavior that may be considered offensive.
• Be Prepared for Altitude Sickness:If you’re traveling to higher altitudes, be prepared for altitude sickness, and acclimatize gradually.
• Carry Essential Medications:Pack any essential medications you need, including over-the-counter medications, in your carry-on luggage.

Budget and Costs

Mongolia is a relatively affordable destination, especially compared to other popular tourist destinations. However, the cost of travel can vary significantly depending on your travel style, the time of year, and the specific activities you choose.

To help you plan your trip, we’ll break down the average costs of accommodation, food, transportation, and activities in Mongolia. We’ll also provide tips for saving money and budgeting effectively.

Accommodation Costs

Accommodation costs in Mongolia can vary widely, ranging from budget-friendly guesthouses to luxurious hotels.

Here’s a general overview of accommodation costs in different areas of Mongolia:

• Ulaanbaatar: You can find hostels in Ulaanbaatar for around $10-$20 per night, while mid-range hotels can cost $30-$60 per night. Luxury hotels can cost upwards of $100 per night.
• Gobi Desert: Accommodation options in the Gobi Desert are limited, but you can find guesthouses and yurts for around $20-$40 per night.
• Lake Khövsgöl: Accommodation options near Lake Khövsgöl include guesthouses, yurts, and camping. Prices range from $15-$50 per night.

Food and Drink Costs

Food in Mongolia is generally affordable, with a wide range of options available.

Here’s a breakdown of average food costs:

• Street food: You can find delicious and affordable street food in Mongolia, such as buuz (Mongolian dumplings), khushuur (fried meat pies), and khuushuur (fried bread). Expect to pay around $1-$3 per meal.
• Local restaurants: Local restaurants offer a variety of traditional Mongolian dishes for around $5-$10 per meal.
• Western restaurants: Western restaurants in Ulaanbaatar can be more expensive, with prices ranging from $10-$20 per meal.
• Groceries: If you’re planning to cook your own meals, you can find groceries at local markets and supermarkets for relatively low prices.

Transportation Costs

Transportation in Mongolia can be a bit more expensive, especially if you’re traveling long distances.

Here are some common transportation options and their estimated costs:

• Domestic flights: Domestic flights within Mongolia can be expensive, especially during peak season. Prices can range from $100-$300 per flight.
• Train: Train travel is a more affordable option, with tickets costing around $20-$50 for a long-distance journey.
• Bus: Buses are the most affordable way to travel within Mongolia. Prices vary depending on the distance and type of bus, but expect to pay around $5-$20 for a long-distance journey.
• Taxi: Taxis are readily available in Ulaanbaatar, but they can be expensive. It’s best to negotiate the price before getting in the taxi.
• Rental car: If you’re planning to explore Mongolia independently, you can rent a car. Prices vary depending on the type of vehicle and rental company, but expect to pay around $50-$100 per day.

Activity Costs

Activities in Mongolia can range from free to expensive, depending on what you choose to do.

Here are some examples of activity costs:

• Hiking and trekking: Hiking and trekking are free activities that can be enjoyed in many parts of Mongolia. You’ll just need to pack your own gear and food.
• Horseback riding: Horseback riding is a popular activity in Mongolia, and prices vary depending on the duration and location. Expect to pay around $20-$50 per day.
• Gobi Desert tours: Gobi Desert tours can range in price from $100-$500 per person, depending on the length of the tour and the type of accommodation.
• Lake Khövsgöl tours: Lake Khövsgöl tours can also be expensive, with prices ranging from $100-$300 per person.

Tips for Saving Money

Here are some tips for saving money while traveling in Mongolia:

• Travel during the shoulder season: Traveling during the shoulder season (April-May and September-October) can save you money on flights and accommodation.
• Stay in budget-friendly accommodation: Look for guesthouses, hostels, and yurts instead of luxury hotels.
• Cook your own meals: You can save money by cooking your own meals instead of eating out every night.
• Take advantage of free activities: There are many free activities to enjoy in Mongolia, such as hiking, trekking, and visiting local markets.
• Negotiate prices: It’s common to negotiate prices in Mongolia, especially for transportation and souvenirs.
• Use public transportation: Public transportation is a more affordable option than taxis or rental cars.

Currency Exchange Rates and Payment Methods

The official currency of Mongolia is the Mongolian tögrög (MNT).

Here are some important things to know about currency exchange rates and payment methods:

• Exchange rates: The exchange rate between the Mongolian tögrög and other currencies fluctuates, so it’s best to check the current rate before you travel.
• Currency exchange: You can exchange currency at banks, exchange bureaus, and some hotels. It’s generally a good idea to exchange your currency at a bank or reputable exchange bureau to get the best rate.
• Payment methods: Credit cards are not widely accepted in Mongolia, so it’s best to carry cash. ATMs are available in major cities, but they may not always be reliable. It’s a good idea to have some Mongolian tögrög on hand before you arrive.

Cost of Living in Different Areas of Mongolia

The cost of living in Mongolia can vary significantly depending on the area you’re visiting.

Here’s a general overview of the cost of living in different areas:

• Ulaanbaatar: Ulaanbaatar is the most expensive city in Mongolia, with higher prices for accommodation, food, and transportation.
• Rural areas: The cost of living in rural areas of Mongolia is generally lower than in Ulaanbaatar. You can expect to pay less for accommodation, food, and transportation.

Tips for a Successful Trip

Mongolia is a fascinating country with a rich culture and stunning landscapes. To make the most of your trip, planning and preparation are key. By following these tips, you can ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey.

Packing for the Mongolian Climate

Mongolia experiences extreme weather conditions, with hot summers and frigid winters. It is crucial to pack appropriate clothing for the season you’re traveling in. During the summer months (June to August), pack lightweight, breathable clothing for the warm days and cool evenings.

In the winter (December to February), bring warm layers, including thermal underwear, fleece, and a heavy winter coat. Don’t forget to pack a hat, gloves, and a scarf.

Learning Basic Mongolian Phrases

Learning a few basic Mongolian phrases can go a long way in enhancing your travel experience. Locals appreciate it when visitors make an effort to communicate in their language, even if it’s just a few simple words. Some essential phrases include “hello” (Sain baina uu), “thank you” (Bayarlala), and “goodbye” (Bayartai).

Respecting Local Customs and Traditions

Mongolia has a rich cultural heritage, and it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. When visiting monasteries, temples, or sacred sites, dress modestly and remove your shoes before entering. It’s also customary to offer a small donation or gift to show your appreciation.

Conclusion

As you delve deeper into the heart of Mongolia, you’ll discover a land where ancient traditions intertwine with modern life, where nomadic hospitality embraces the spirit of adventure. With a well-planned itinerary, a respect for local customs, and a willingness to embrace the unexpected, your journey through Mongolia will be an unforgettable one.

So, pack your bags, open your mind, and prepare to be captivated by the beauty and resilience of this extraordinary land.

Helpful Answers

What are the most popular souvenirs to buy in Mongolia?

Popular souvenirs include traditional Mongolian clothing like deel, felt crafts, cashmere products, and handcrafted jewelry.

Are there any specific health precautions to take before traveling to Mongolia?

It’s recommended to consult your doctor about necessary vaccinations, especially for hepatitis A and B, tetanus, and typhoid. You should also pack a basic first-aid kit and consider travel insurance.

Is it safe to drink tap water in Mongolia?

It’s generally not recommended to drink tap water in Mongolia. It’s best to stick to bottled water or boil water before drinking.

What are some good tips for navigating Mongolian currency?

The Mongolian currency is the tugrik. It’s best to exchange your currency at a bank or exchange bureau upon arrival. Credit cards are not widely accepted, so it’s advisable to carry cash.